What is a USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle)?
A USV is an unmanned surface vehicle — a crewless boat or ship that operates on the water surface either autonomously or via remote control. USVs are used for naval patrol, oceanographic survey, mine countermeasures, anti-submarine warfare, logistics delivery, and environmental monitoring. Sea Drone World catalogs USVs from manufacturers worldwide.
What is an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)?
An AUV is an autonomous underwater vehicle — a self-propelled, untethered submersible robot that carries out missions without real-time human control. AUVs are used for seafloor mapping, pipeline inspection, mine detection, oceanographic research, and military reconnaissance. They navigate using pre-programmed waypoints and onboard sensors.
What is the difference between an AUV and an ROV?
An AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) operates independently without a tether, following pre-programmed missions. An ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) is connected to a surface vessel via an umbilical cable and is controlled in real-time by a human operator. ROVs offer continuous power and real-time video, while AUVs offer greater range and endurance for survey missions.
What are military sea drones used for?
Military sea drones (both surface and underwater) are used for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASuW), mine countermeasures (MCM), intelligence/surveillance/reconnaissance (ISR), electronic warfare, logistics delivery in contested waters, and strike missions. Examples include the DARPA Sea Hunter, Boeing Orca XLUUV, and the Ukrainian MAGURA V5.
What is the largest unmanned surface vehicle?
Some of the largest USVs include the Magnet Defense M48 at 48 meters (157 feet) with a 17,000 nm range, the DARPA/Leidos Sea Hunter at 40 meters designed for anti-submarine warfare, and the Textron MMUSV. Large USVs are typically designed for extended open-ocean missions lasting weeks to months.
How deep can underwater drones go?
Underwater drone depth ratings vary widely by design. Shallow inspection ROVs operate to 100-300 meters. Mid-range AUVs like the REMUS series reach 600-6,000 meters. Full-ocean-depth vehicles like the Kongsberg Hugin can reach 6,000 meters. Some specialized gliders and research AUVs operate at abyssal depths beyond 5,000 meters.
How many maritime drone manufacturers exist worldwide?
Sea Drone World tracks 63 manufacturers across 16 countries. Major manufacturers include Saildrone (USA), Kongsberg (Norway), ECA Group/Exail (France), L3Harris (USA), and Deep Trekker (Canada). The industry spans defense contractors, ocean technology startups, and academic spin-offs.
What is Sea Drone World?
Sea Drone World is the most comprehensive open-access reference site for maritime unmanned vehicles. It indexes 139 platforms from 63 manufacturers, covering USVs, AUVs, ROVs, UUVs, and autonomous gliders. Each platform entry includes technical specifications, manufacturer details, mission roles, and operational status. The data is freely available via the website and a JSON API.